response to posts

G- post one

Identify some of the legal, medical and ethical issues that may arise from not providing for persons with special needs in shelters.

Legal issues: federal regulations like Americans with Disabilities (ADA) and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 require that children and adults with disabilities and functional needs must be able to access the same programs and services as everyone else (Risoe, Petter, Jeffrey Schlegelmilch, and James Paturas, 2013). Emergency plans must develop strategies for sheltering people with disabilities when a disaster happened. Medical issues: a disaster will always outcome with many people who need sever medical attention, medical equipment, and medications (Risoe, Petter, Jeffrey Schlegelmilch, and James Paturas, 2013). Logistics could be challenging to rates of disability and functional needs into adequate estimates of resource needs. Ethical issues: negative attitudes to disabilities could be major barriers to take an act of a part in something. These attitudes exist in all parts of the community. All members of the shelter should challenge the negative attitude to reduce the this issue.

Choose 5 inexpensive expedient ?fixes? which can be employed in a shelter to increase accessibility

1) removal of physical barriers as well as adequate signage and lighting. 2)providing ramps and handrails. 3)openings that are wide enough for a wheelchair to pass through. 4)Use posters and pictures to give messages and information for people who can not hear. 5)Loudspeaker for announcements.

Risoe, Petter, Jeffrey Schlegelmilch, and James Paturas. ?Evacuation and Sheltering of People with Medical Dependencies ? Knowledge Gaps and Barriers to National Preparedness.? Homeland Security Affairs 9, Article 2 (February 2013).

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2015). Disability-inclusive shelter and settlements in emergencies.

Y post two

Identify some of the legal, medical and ethical issues that may arise from not providing for persons with special needs in shelters.

Shelters with little accommodation for persons with special needs aggravate medical and legal issues that include: increased injuries to individuals seeking refuge in the shelters. Secondly, legal liability towards injuries sustained due to lack of proper accessibility infrastructure within the shelters. Third, the absence of structures friendly to persons with special needs is discriminative towards persons with special needs (Horner et al. 2018). Discrimination has both legal and ethical implications on shelters as it denies services to people in vulnerable conditions. Further, shelters with limited accessibility to persons with special needs are in violation people with disabilities act from a legal perspective.

Choose 5 inexpensive expedient ?fixes? which can be employed in a shelter to increase accessibility

Providing shelters that acknowledge persons with special needs requires structural planning. However, set up shelters can apply a variety of fixes that include:

• One, provision of alternative entrances that have lumps.
• Secondly, provision of shelter aids trained or well conversant with a variety of special needs cases.
• Third, provision of documentation accessible to people with both impaired hearing and vision.
• Fourth, clear provision of direction to available facilities in the shelter with signs that cater for all people with special needs (Alisan et al. 2017).
• Finally, development of shelters emergency evacuation protocols that are in recognition of the persons with special needs. Provision with facilities that cater to medical devices such as wheelchairs and oxygen machines that need charging.

References,

Alisan, O., Kocatepe, A., Tuydes-Yaman, H., Ozguven, E. E., & Ozel, H. (2017). Benefits of Managing the Capacity of Special Needs Shelters with Cross-County Collaboration: Case Study in Florida. Transportation Research Record, 2604(1), 131-143.

Horner, M. W., Ozguven, E. E., Marcelin, J. M., & Kocatepe, A. (2018). Special needs hurricane shelters and the aging population: development of a methodology and a case study application. Disasters, 42(1), 169-186.

subject two

Y post one

1. After performing an analysis of the hazard from the potential and probable chemical releases, how many exposures could be potentially saved with a ten man HMRT supported by three engine and two ladder companies?

• Exposures to a complex mixture of gases
• Unknown effect of heat
• Vapors and particulate matter

2. With your analysis of the incident, how would you go about formulating response objectives?

The goal will be to rescue the eight employees whose location is not known.

3. What are your initial response objectives?

The initial goal was to prevent up to 70% damage that may have resulted from the explosion.

4. How would you assess the risk to each entrant if a rescue of the ?down employees? is considered tenable?

They should wear gas masks to shield them from inhaling the toxic gases. They should also carry with them torches in case there is a problem with visibility in the building.

5. Presuming you opt to perform a search/rescue mission, what options would you suggest accomplishing the objective of a safe evacuation of viable victims?

The victims will be evacuated in batches as others wait at the disaster site for evacuation services because the evacuation capacity is not sufficient. Even at the rescue camps those rescued must wait because relief services are insufficient. They should be evacuated to temporary shelters while awaiting emergency responses from medical practitioners.

6. Describe the prioritization of medical care and removal of victims from the hazard area relative to exposure and contamination.

Medical care should be prioritized for the already rescued victims while the search for the eight missing employees continues. They should be subjected to psychological interventions to calm them down and reduce confusions.

7. What PPE would you require of your entrant and RIT (Rapid Intervention Team, rescuer?s rescuers) members?

They need to wear gloves, safety boots, reflective jackets, gas masks, and oxygen cylinders. These PPEs will safeguard them against harming themselves while carrying the rescue services in the disaster area.

8. What decontamination plans do you have?

Victims will be subjected to physical cleaning to remove any traces of the medical gases. They will also be disinfected to neutralize the toxicity of the gases. Those who have been sterilized should be kept in separation from others to ensure effective decontamination.

9. What medical treatment plan do you have?

Victims need to be checked whether they have experienced any form of injuries and such injuries to be attended to. First Aid should be provided to those victims perceived to be at more risk. Necessary aid should be offered to the rescued victims as they wait to be taken to medical practitioners to determine their health state.

10. Develop an incident action plan, including site safety and control plan.

• Ensure safety of all deployed personnel
• Ensuring that shelter operations are adequate for the surviving victims
• Ensuring that roads are passable to facilitate emergency responses.
• Personnel should take breaks in between the rescue operations frequently to stretch.
• Rescue personnel should take regular meals to avoid dehydration.
• They should be watched closely for any sign of fatigue or stress.

Question 2

In Philadelphia, the fire department Hazmat is found at 2301 South 24th Street – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They can be contacted through the Emergency number: 911 or directly through the Phone: 412-638-1700. Philadelphia has a new hazardous material unit called Hazmat 1 (Verma 791). It also has 65 engine, 28 truck, one heavy rescue, 37 medic units, two fireboats, the hazmat unit, and six foam units. It can respond averagely up to 70 incidents annually.

Question 3

Developing an Incident Action Plan aids the incident commander to effectively communicate with other officers as well as the monitoring of the progress (Gordon and Young 76). The components of the IAP include; conducting a size up, determining the mode of operation, setting incident goals, determining the tactical objectives necessary to achieve the goals of the incident, and setting strategies to accomplish the incident objectives.

Question 4

In successfully identifying a hazard and the possible mitigations, it is imperative to conduct: identification, analysis, evaluation, treatment, and monitoring of the risk.

Question 5

The SNS program provides drugs, vaccines and medical support to victims during emergencies like disasters. SNS services are sought by governments when a disaster strikes like terrorism and others that may pose an imminent danger to people within the vicinity (Gordon and Young 58). It is not regarded as the first response tool. It is rather considered as a support mechanism to the efforts of the state and local response.

References,

Gordon, Gary A., and Richard R. Young. “Hazmat Routing: Alternate Routing Risk Analysis.” 2016 Joint Rail Conference, 2016.

Verma, Manish. “Railroad transportation of dangerous goods: A conditional exposure approach to minimize transport risk.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 19, no. 5, 2011, pp. 790-802.

N post two

1. After performing an analysis of the hazard from the potential and probable chemical releases, how many exposures could be potentially saved with a ten man HMRT supported by three engine and two ladder companies?

Workers in a busy industry are exposed to several industrial dangers from the release of the industrial wastes. This situation and the number of the employees make it difficult to save a lot of victims, especially with the limited resources.

2. With your analysis of the incident, how would you go about formulating response objectives?

The most important is to secure the area and find out about the 8 employees.

3. What are your initial response objectives?

1. Ensure that the area is secured
2. Safety of all employees and responders.
3. Coordination with other agencies and find out the best communications method.

4. How would you assess the risk to each entrant if a rescue of the ?down employees? is considered tenable?

Risks can only be accessed by establishing proper methods to reduce effects in the working environment. This can be done by wearing personal protective equipment.

5. Presuming you opt to perform a search/rescue mission, what options would you suggest accomplishing the objective of a safe evacuation of viable victims?

All victims should be moved directly from the affected area to prevent any further injuries. However, we might face some challenges in evacuating the victim in one time, so we are going to start with the most serious condition and the other will have someone to monitor them in the site until we have the transportations.

6. Describe the prioritization of medical care and removal of victims from the hazard area relative to exposure and contamination.

First, all responders should wear personal protective equipment to ensure they are safe, this can reduce any exposure and contamination with any elements. Removing the victim from the area need to be safe by enduring that all responders wear their PPE.

7. What PPE would you require of your entrant and RIT (Rapid Intervention Team, rescuer?s rescuers) members?

In that situation because we have explosion all responders should wear respirators such as Full-facepiece, pressure-demand SCBA certified for a minimum service life of 30 minutes.

8. What decontamination plans do you have?

Start that we set up the decontamination tent and then allow all victims to enter that area to remove all dangerous material. In addition, do not forget to check victims medical condition after that.

9. What medical treatment plan do you have?

As we know that the site of the incident is really dangerous so we will try to transfer the victims as soon as possible from the affected area. However, some victims will need to treat them on the site because of their serious conditions. All affected personnel will go through a rapid assessment to be sure they are stable.

10. Develop an incident action plan, including site safety and control plan.

in the attachment.

2. INDIVIDUALLY, identify your local and/or regional HazMat resource facilities or ?key personnel? (toxicologist, poison control center, industrial/transportation mitigation expert teams, etc). Provide the contact, agency, address and phone contact as a resource list. Which ICS form would this best be placed on?

All the information should be placed on the ICS 204 form because it includes resources assigned.

Philadelphia hazmat team, Philadelphia has hazmat 1- hazardous materials unit and hazmat 2- hazardous materials command unit. They are located in South Philadelphia, that location has engine 60, Ladder 19 and Medic 37.

Poison control center at the children?s hospital of Philadelphia is regional poison control service provider that offers 24/7 help from registered nurses and pharmacists with special training in toxicology.

3. Prepare your ?Master? Incident Action Plan ?Template? for your portfolio, specifically (including) related to all government and private resources, including specialized medical care facilities, that you would use for an event in your jurisdiction.

In the attachment

1. Locate, identify, and provide your cohort with two ?unique? (not class materials cited) on-line or off-line resources for the identification of hazardous materials or the protection/mitigation/emergency care of same. (In other words, resources that would be useful to you if you were in the role of the HazMat IC or Tech Specialist).

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT COMMANDER. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://totalforcevlc.golearnportal.org/HazMat_Inc…

FEMA. (n.d.). FEMA. (n.d.). Unit 3: IDENTIFYING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. Retrieved from https://training.fema.gov/emiweb/downloads/is5unit…

5. Research and review the CDC’s Strategic National Stockpile (SNS). List the purpose and goal of the SNS for local response and governmental response organizations.

The Strategic National Stockpile is organized to help and support any public health threat and ensure the right resources are ready and can get to the right place at the right time. The SNS program is designed to supplement and resupply state and local inventories of medicines and supplies during emergencies severe enough to exhaust local supplies. The deployment of the SNA happened when the state governors request and there has been an overt terrorist event that will harm the public?s health or where epidemiological, laboratory, or other surveillance systems have identified unusual patterns of disease or deaths that may indicate a terrorist event or other national emergencies.

In the local response, the amount of medication from SNS will be allocated by the community. When a great amount of medication that has been arrived at the needed location but if you need more you need to order through WEBEOC or by fax. In addition, each state has their own plan to receive and distribute SNS assets to their local jurisdictions as soon as possible.

References:

Silkiner, S. (n.d.). Introduction to the Strategic National Stockpile. Retrieved from http://www.kdheks.gov/cphp/download/Intro_SNS.pdf

Hazmat Response In Philadelphia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.firehouse.com/rescue/article/10544347/…

Children’s Hospital. (2014, May 05). Poison Control Center. Retrieved from https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/poison-contr…

there is four post two in each subject

the response no more than 150 words with APA reference